Water Formulas

Convert milligrams per liter (mg/L) of ammonia-nitrogen to pounds per million gallons (lb/MMG) of ammonia.

1. Convert mg/L of NH3-N to pounds per liter by dividing by 454, since there are 454 grams in a pound.

2. Convert pounds per liter to pounds per million gallons (lb/MMG) by multiplying by a factor of 1000 (since there are 1000 liters in a cubic meter) and then by the flow rate in million gallons per day (MGD).

Convert milligrams per liter (mg/L) of BOD to pounds of oxygen demand per day (lb/d).

1. Convert mg/L to grams per liter (g/L) by dividing by 1000 (since there are 1000 milligrams in a gram).

2. Multiply the result by the molecular weight of oxygen to get the amount of oxygen in grams per liter.

3. Convert grams per liter to pounds per million gallons (lb/MMG) by multiplying by a factor of 8.34 (since there are 8.34 pounds in a gallon).

4. Multiply the result by the flow rate in million gallons per day (MGD) to get the oxygen demand in pounds per day.

Convert milligrams per liter (mg/L) of COD to pounds of oxygen demand per day (lb/d).

1. Convert mg/L to grams per liter (g/L) by dividing by 1000 (since there are 1000 milligrams in a gram).

2. Multiply the result by the molecular weight of oxygen to get the amount of oxygen in grams per liter.

3. Convert grams per liter to pounds per million gallons (lb/MMG) by multiplying by a factor of 8.34 (since there are 8.34 pounds in a gallon).

4. Multiply the result by the flow rate in million gallons per day (MGD) to get the oxygen demand in pounds per day.

Convert colony-forming units (CFU) to other bacterial concentration units.

1. CFU to Cells per Milliliter (cells/mL): In many cases, CFU and bacterial cells are used interchangeably. So, you can often consider 1 CFU as approximately equivalent to 1 bacterial cell. However, keep in mind that this might not hold true for all types of bacteria and growth conditions.

2. CFU to Colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL): This is the same unit as CFU. No conversion is needed.

3. CFU to Bacterial Concentration in milligrams per liter (mg/L): Converting CFU to mg/L is more complex, as it depends on the specific bacteria, their weight, and the medium they are grown in. Generally, the conversion requires knowing the average weight of a bacterial cell in picograms (pg) and the density of the bacterial culture. The formula would be:

Bacterial Concentration (mg/L) = (Number of CFUs) × (Average Weight of Bacterial Cell in pg) × (Density of Culture in cells/mL) / 10^9

4. CFU to Bacterial Concentration in cells per gram (cells/g): This conversion involves knowing the mass of the sample and the number of CFUs on that sample. The formula is: Bacterial Concentration (cells/g) = (Number of CFUs) / (Sample Weight in grams)

Convert milligrams per liter (mg/L) to parts per million (ppm).

1. 1 mg/L = 1 ppm

Convert milligrams per liter (mg/L) to pounds per million gallons (lb/MMG).

1. 1 milligram = 0.00000220462 pounds 1 liter = 0.264172 gallons 1 million gallons = 1,000,000 gallons

2. So, the combined conversion factor is: 1 mg/L = 0.00000220462 pounds per liter (lb/L) 1 mg/L = 0.00000220462 pounds per liter (lb/L) × 0.264172 liters per gallon × 1,000,000 gallons per million gallons 1 mg/L = 0.000584177 lb/MMG

3. To convert a concentration from milligrams per liter to pounds per million gallons, you would multiply the concentration in mg/L by the conversion factor:

4. Concentration in lb/MMG = Concentration in mg/L × 0.000584177

5. For example, if you have a concentration of 100 mg/L, you can convert it to pounds per million gallons as follows:

6. Concentration in lb/MMG = 100 mg/L × 0.000584177 ≈ 0.0584177 lb/MMG

7. Therefore, a concentration of 100 mg/L is approximately equivalent to 0.0584177 pounds per million gallons.

Dilution factor= [initial volume]/[final volume]

Convert milligrams per liter (mg/L) of dissolved oxygen to percent saturation.

Percent Saturation = (DO Concentration / DO Saturation Value) × 100

Where:

1. DO Concentration is the dissolved oxygen concentration in milligrams per liter (mg/L).

2. DO Saturation Value is the maximum amount of dissolved oxygen that can be held in water at a given temperature and pressure, usually expressed in mg/L.

Convert cubic meters per second (m³/s) to gallons per minute (GPM).

1. 1 cubic meter = 264.172 gallons 1 second = 60 seconds (for minutes)

2. So, the conversion factor is: 1 m³/s = 264.172 GPM

3. To convert a given flow rate from cubic meters per second to gallons per minute, simply multiply the flow rate in cubic meters per second by the conversion factor:

4. Flow rate in GPM = Flow rate in m³/s × 264.172

5. For example, if you have a flow rate of 0.5 cubic meters per second, you can convert it to gallons per minute as follows:

6. Flow rate in GPM = 0.5 m³/s × 264.172 = 132.086 GPM

7. Therefore, a flow rate of 0.5 cubic meters per second is approximately equivalent to 132.086 gallons per minute.

Convert liters per second (L/s) to million gallons per day (MGD).

1. 1 liter = 0.000264172 gallons 1 second = 86,400 seconds (for days)

2. So, the conversion factor is: 1 L/s = 0.000264172 MGD

3. To convert a flow rate from liters per second to million gallons per day, you would multiply the flow rate in liters per second by the conversion factor:

4. Flow rate in MGD = Flow rate in L/s × 0.000264172

5. For example, if you have a flow rate of 100 liters per second, you can convert it to million gallons per day as follows:

6. Flow rate in MGD = 100 L/s × 0.000264172 ≈ 0.0264172 MGD

7. Therefore, a flow rate of 100 liters per second is approximately equivalent to 0.0264172 million gallons per day.

F:M Ratio= [organic loading rate (food)] / [microorganism population (microorganisms)]

Convert milligrams per liter (mg/L) to micrograms per liter (µg/L).

1. Concentration in μg/L=Concentration in mg/L×1000

HRT= [volume of treatment system (V)] / [Flow rate (Q)]

Convert milligrams per liter (mg/L) of nitrate-nitrogen to pounds per million gallons (lb/MMG) of nitrate.

1. Convert mg/L of NO3-N to grams per liter (g/L) by dividing by 1000 (since there are 1000 milligrams in a gram).

2. Multiply the result by the molecular weight of nitrogen to get the amount of nitrogen in grams per liter.

3. Convert grams per liter to pounds per million gallons (lb/MMG) by multiplying by a factor of 8.34 (since there are 8.34 pounds in a gallon).

4. Multiply the result by the flow rate in million gallons per day (MGD) to get the nitrate in pounds per day.

Convert milligrams per liter (mg/L) of oil and grease to pounds per million gallons (lb/MMG).

1. Convert mg/L of oil and grease to pounds per liter by dividing by 454, since there are 454 grams in a pound.

2. Convert pounds per liter to pounds per million gallons (lb/MMG) by multiplying by a factor of 1000 (since there are 1000 liters in a cubic meter) and then by the flow rate in million gallons per day (MGD).

Convert pH values to hydrogen ion concentration (H+).

[H+] = 10^(-pH)

1. [H+] is the hydrogen ion concentration in moles per liter (mol/L).

2. pH is the pH value of the solution.

Here's how to perform the conversion:

1. Calculate 10 raised to the power of the negative pH value.

2. The result will give you the hydrogen ion concentration in moles per liter.

For example, if you have a solution with a pH of 3:

[H+] = 10^(-3) [H+] = 0.001 mol/L

So, a solution with a pH of 3 has a hydrogen ion concentration of 0.001 mol/L.

Convert milligrams per liter (mg/L) of phosphorus to pounds per million gallons (lb/MMG) of phosphorus.

1. Convert mg/L of phosphorus to grams per liter (g/L) by dividing by 1000 (since there are 1000 milligrams in a gram).

2. Multiply the result by the atomic weight of phosphorus to get the amount of phosphorus in grams per liter.

3. Convert grams per liter to pounds per million gallons (lb/MMG) by multiplying by a factor of 8.34 (since there are 8.34 pounds in a gallon).

4. Multiply the result by the flow rate in million gallons per day (MGD) to get the phosphorus in pounds per day.

Convert milliliters per liter (mL/L) to milligrams per liter (mg/L).

1. 1 mL/L = 1 mg/L

Convert degrees Celsius (°C) to degrees Fahrenheit (°F).

°F = (°C × 9/5) + 32

1. Multiply the Celsius temperature by 9/5 (which is 1.8).

2. Add 32 to the result.

Convert milligrams per liter (mg/L) of TDS to parts per million (ppm).

1. 1 mg/L (TDS) = 1 ppm (TDS)

Convert milligrams per liter (mg/L) of TSS to pounds per million gallons (lb/MMG).

1. Convert mg/L to pounds per liter by dividing by 454, since there are 454 grams in a pound.

2. Convert pounds per liter to pounds per million gallons (lb/MMG) by multiplying by a factor of 1000 (since there are 1000 liters in a cubic meter) and then by the flow rate in million gallons per day (MGD).